Buku Lowerenga
Mapampu otentha ndi owopsa masiku ano, makamaka ku Europe, komwe mayiko ena akugwira ntchito yoletsa kuyika masitovu amafuta ndi ma boilers kuti azitha kusankha bwino zachilengedwe, kuphatikiza mapampu otenthetsera osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. (Nyendo kutentha mpweya ndi kugawira kudzera mapaipi m'nyumba yonse, pamene boilers kutentha madzi kupereka madzi otentha kapena kutentha nthunzi.) Chaka chino, boma US anayamba kupereka msonkho zolimbikitsa khazikitsa mapampu kutentha, amene amakonda ndalama zambiri upfront kuposa ng'anjo chikhalidwe. koma ndizothandiza kwambiri pakapita nthawi.
M'munda wa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, chifukwa mphamvu ya batri ndi yochepa, yachititsanso kuti makampani ayambe kutembenukira ku mapampu otentha. Chifukwa chake mwina ndi nthawi yoti muphunzire mwachangu zomwe mapampu otentha amatanthauza ndi zomwe amachita.
Kodi pampu yotentha kwambiri ndi iti?
Poganizira zaposachedwa, mutha kudabwa kudziwa kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito kale apompa kutentha- mwina muli ndi zochulukirapo m'nyumba mwanu komanso zochulukirapo m'galimoto yanu. Simumawatcha mapampu otentha: mumagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "firiji" kapena "air conditioner."
Ndipotu makinawa ndi mapampu otentha, kutanthauza kuti amasuntha kutentha kuchokera kumalo ozizira kwambiri kupita kumalo otentha kwambiri. Kutentha kumayenda zokha kuchokera kotentha kupita kuzizira. Koma ngati mukufuna kusintha kuchokera kuzizira kupita ku kutentha, muyenera "kupopa" izo. Fanizo labwino kwambiri apa ndi madzi, omwe amayenda pansi pa phiri paokha, koma amafunika kupopa phirilo.
Mukapopera kutentha komwe kuli mumtundu wina wa kusungirako kuzizira (mpweya, madzi, ndi zina) kumalo osungiramo kutentha, kusungirako kuzizira kumakhala kozizira kwambiri ndipo kusungirako kutentha kumatentha kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe firiji yanu kapena zoziziritsira mpweya zimayendera - zimasuntha kutentha kuchokera komwe sikufunikira kupita kwina, ndipo simusamala ngati mutaya kutentha pang'ono.
Momwe mungapangire chiller chothandiza ndi pampu yotentha?
Chidziwitso chofunikira chomwe chidapangamapampu otentha Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, pamene anthu ambiri opanga zinthu, kuphatikizapo Jacob Perkins, anazindikira kuti akhoza kuziziritsa chinachake motere popanda kuwononga zinthu zamadzimadzi zimene zimasanduka nthunzi kuti ziziziziritsa. Iwo anati, m’malo motulutsa nthunzi mumlengalenga, zingakhale bwino kuusonkhanitsa, kuuumitsa kukhala madzi, ndi kugwiritsiranso ntchito madziwo ngati chozizirirapo.
Ndi zomwe mafiriji ndi ma air conditioners amapangira. Amasungunula mafiriji amadzimadzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wozizirawo kuti atenge kutentha kuchokera mkati mwa furiji kapena galimoto. Kenako amapanikiza mpweya, womwe umabwereranso kukhala madzi. Madzi awa tsopano akutentha kwambiri kuposa momwe amayambira, kotero kutentha kwina komwe kumakhala nako kumakhala kosavuta (mwina mothandizidwa ndi fani) kumayenda kumalo ozungulira - kaya kunja kapena kwina kulikonse kukhitchini.
Izi zinati: mumadziwa bwino mapampu otentha; Kungoti mumangowatchula kuti ma air conditioner ndi mafiriji.
Tsopano tiyeni tiyese lingaliro lina. Ngati muli ndi ma air conditioning a zenera, mutha kuchita ngati kuyesa kwenikweni. Ikani chakumbuyo. Ndiko kuti, ikani zowongolera zake kunja kwa zenera. Chitani izi m'nyengo yozizira komanso yowuma. Kodi chiti chichitike ndi chiyani?
Monga momwe mungayembekezere, imakupiza mpweya wozizira kuseri kwa nyumba yanu ndikutulutsa kutentha m'nyumba mwanu. Ndiye ikunyamulabe kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyumba yanu ikhale yabwino poyatsa. Zedi, imaziziritsa mpweya kunja, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa mukakhala kutali ndi Windows.
Tsopano muli ndi pampu yotenthetsera kuti mutenthetse nyumba yanu. Izo sizingakhale zabwino kwambiripompa kutentha, koma zidzagwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, chilimwe chikafika, mutha kuyitembenuzanso ndikuigwiritsa ntchito ngati chowongolera mpweya.
Inde, musachite zimenezo. Ngati muyesa, mosakayikira idzalephera nthawi yoyamba kugwa mvula ndipo madzi amalowa mu wolamulira. M'malo mwake, mutha kudzigulira "gwero la mpweya" wamalonda wotentha womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yomweyo kutentha nyumba yanu.
Vuto, ndithudi, ndiloti vodka ndi yokwera mtengo, ndipo muthamangiramo mwamsanga kuti muziziritsa vinyo. Ngakhale mutalowa m'malo mwa vodka ndi mowa wotsika mtengo, mudzadandaula za mtengo wake.
Zina mwa zipangizozi zili ndi zomwe zimatchedwa reversing valves, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chipangizochi chizigwira ntchito ziwiri: zimatha kupopera kutentha kuchokera kunja kapena kuchokera mkati, kupereka kutentha ndi mpweya, monga momwe tafotokozera pansipa.
Chifukwa chiyani mapampu otentha amakhala opambana kuposa ma heater amagetsi?
Mapampu otenthetsera amakhala opambana kuposa ma heater amagetsi chifukwa safuna magetsi kuti apange kutentha. Magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi apompa kutenthaimatulutsa kutentha pang'ono, koma chofunika kwambiri imatulutsa kutentha kuchokera kunja kupita m'nyumba mwanu. Chiŵerengero cha kutentha chomwe chimatulutsidwa m'nyumba ku mphamvu yotumizidwa ku kompresa yamagetsi imatchedwa coefficient of performance, kapena COP.
Chowotcha chosavuta chamagetsi chamagetsi chomwe chimapereka kutentha konse komwe kumapangidwa ndi magetsi opangira magetsi kumakhala ndi COP ya 1. Komano, COP ya pampu yotentha ikhoza kukhala dongosolo lapamwamba kwambiri.
Komabe, COP ya pampu yotentha si mtengo wokhazikika. Zimayenderana mosagwirizana ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa nkhokwe ziwiri zomwe kutentha kumapopa. Izi zati, ngati mutulutsa kutentha kuchokera kumalo osazizira kwambiri kupita ku nyumba yosatentha kwambiri, COP idzakhala yamtengo wapatali, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pampu yanu yotentha imakhala yothandiza kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Koma ngati muyesa kupopera kutentha kuchokera kumalo ozizira kwambiri kupita ku nyumba yotentha kale, mtengo wa COP umachepetsedwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kugwira ntchito bwino kumakhala kovuta.
Zotsatira zake ndizomwe mukuyembekezera mwachidwi: ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chotentha kwambiri chomwe mungapeze ngati chosungiramo kutentha panja.
Mapampu otentha a mpweya, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wakunja ngati malo osungira kutentha, ndi njira yoipa kwambiri pankhaniyi chifukwa mpweya wakunja umazizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Zabwinonso ndi mapampu otentha apansi (omwe amadziwikanso kuti mapampu otentha a geothermal), chifukwa ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, pansi pakuya kwapakati kumakhala kotentha.
Kodi gwero labwino kwambiri la kutentha kwa mapampu otentha ndi liti?
Vuto ndi gwero la nthakamapampu otenthandiye kuti mufunika njira yopezera malo osungiramo kutentha. Ngati muli ndi malo okwanira kuzungulira nyumba yanu, mutha kukumba maenje ndikukwirira mipope yambiri mozama, monga kuya kwa mita pang'ono. Kenako mutha kuzungulira madzi (nthawi zambiri osakaniza madzi ndi antifreeze) kudzera m'mapaipiwa kuti mutenge kutentha kuchokera pansi. Kapenanso, mutha kuboola maenje akuya pansi ndikuyika mapaipi molunjika m'mabowowa. Zonsezi zidzakwera mtengo, komabe.
Njira ina yomwe anthu amwayi ingapezeke ndiyo kuchotsa kutentha m'madzi oyandikana nawo mwa kuviika chitoliro m'madzi mozama. Izi zimatchedwa mapampu otentha a madzi. Mapampu ena otenthetsera amagwiritsa ntchito njira yachilendo kwambiri yochotsera kutentha kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikutuluka mnyumbamo kapena madzi otentha adzuwa.
M'madera ozizira kwambiri, ndizomveka kukhazikitsa pampu yotentha pansi ngati n'kotheka. Ichi mwina ndicho chifukwa chake mapampu ambiri otentha ku Sweden (omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha mapampu otentha pa munthu aliyense) ndi amtunduwu. Koma ngakhale Sweden ili ndi gawo lalikulu la mapampu otentha a mpweya, zomwe zimatsutsa zomwe anthu ambiri amazinena (osachepera ku United States) kuti mapampu otentha ndi oyenera kutenthetsa nyumba m'malo otentha.
Ndiye kulikonse komwe mungakhale, ngati mungakwanitse kugula zokwera mtengo zam'tsogolo, nthawi ina mukadzakumana ndi chisankho cha momwe mungatenthetsere nyumba yanu, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yotenthetsera m'malo mwa chitofu chachikhalidwe kapena boiler.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-19-2023